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- .\"
- .IX Title "GFDL 7"
- .TH GFDL 7 "2020-03-12" "gcc-9.3.0" "GNU"
- .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
- .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
- .if n .ad l
- .nh
- .SH "NAME"
- gfdl \- GNU Free Documentation License
- .SH "DESCRIPTION"
- .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
- \&\f(CW@comment\fR For some cases, this default \f(CW@node\fR/@unnumbered is not applicable and
- \&\f(CW@comment\fR causes warnings. In those cases, the including file can set
- \&\f(CW@comment\fR nodefaultgnufreedocumentationlicensenode and provide it's own version.
- \&\f(CW@comment\fR F.i., when this file is included in an \f(CW@raisesections\fR context, the
- \&\f(CW@comment\fR including file can use an \f(CW@unnumberedsec\fR.
- .SS "\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License"
- .IX Subsection "GNU Free Documentation License"
- .SS "Version 1.3, 3 November 2008"
- .IX Subsection "Version 1.3, 3 November 2008"
- .Vb 2
- \& Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- \& E<lt>B<http://fsf.org/>E<gt>
- \&
- \& Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- \& of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
- .Ve
- .IP "0." 4
- .IX Item "0."
- \&\s-1PREAMBLE\s0
- .Sp
- The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
- functional and useful document \fIfree\fR in the sense of freedom: to
- assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
- with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
- Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
- to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
- for modifications made by others.
- .Sp
- This License is a kind of \*(L"copyleft\*(R", which means that derivative
- works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
- complements the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License, which is a copyleft
- license designed for free software.
- .Sp
- We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
- software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
- program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
- software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
- it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
- whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
- principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
- .IP "1." 4
- .IX Item "1."
- \&\s-1APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS\s0
- .Sp
- This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
- contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
- distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
- world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
- work under the conditions stated herein. The \*(L"Document\*(R", below,
- refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
- licensee, and is addressed as \*(L"you\*(R". You accept the license if you
- copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
- under copyright law.
- .Sp
- A \*(L"Modified Version\*(R" of the Document means any work containing the
- Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
- modifications and/or translated into another language.
- .Sp
- A \*(L"Secondary Section\*(R" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
- of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
- publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
- subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
- directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
- part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
- any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
- connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
- commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
- them.
- .Sp
- The \*(L"Invariant Sections\*(R" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
- are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
- that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
- section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
- allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
- Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
- Sections then there are none.
- .Sp
- The \*(L"Cover Texts\*(R" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
- as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
- the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
- be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
- .Sp
- A \*(L"Transparent\*(R" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
- represented in a format whose specification is available to the
- general public, that is suitable for revising the document
- straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
- pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
- drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
- for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
- to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
- format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
- or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
- An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
- of text. A copy that is not \*(L"Transparent\*(R" is called \*(L"Opaque\*(R".
- .Sp
- Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
- \&\s-1ASCII\s0 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
- format, \s-1SGML\s0 or \s-1XML\s0 using a publicly available
- \&\s-1DTD,\s0 and standard-conforming simple \s-1HTML,\s0
- PostScript or \s-1PDF\s0 designed for human modification. Examples
- of transparent image formats include \s-1PNG, XCF\s0 and
- \&\s-1JPG.\s0 Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
- read and edited only by proprietary word processors, \s-1SGML\s0 or
- \&\s-1XML\s0 for which the \s-1DTD\s0 and/or processing tools are
- not generally available, and the machine-generated \s-1HTML,\s0
- PostScript or \s-1PDF\s0 produced by some word processors for
- output purposes only.
- .Sp
- The \*(L"Title Page\*(R" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
- plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
- this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
- formats which do not have any title page as such, \*(L"Title Page\*(R" means
- the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
- preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
- .Sp
- The \*(L"publisher\*(R" means any person or entity that distributes copies
- of the Document to the public.
- .Sp
- A section \*(L"Entitled \s-1XYZ\*(R"\s0 means a named subunit of the Document whose
- title either is precisely \s-1XYZ\s0 or contains \s-1XYZ\s0 in parentheses following
- text that translates \s-1XYZ\s0 in another language. (Here \s-1XYZ\s0 stands for a
- specific section name mentioned below, such as \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
- \&\*(L"Dedications\*(R", \*(L"Endorsements\*(R", or \*(L"History\*(R".) To \*(L"Preserve the Title\*(R"
- of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
- section \*(L"Entitled \s-1XYZ\*(R"\s0 according to this definition.
- .Sp
- The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
- states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
- Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
- License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
- implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
- no effect on the meaning of this License.
- .IP "2." 4
- .IX Item "2."
- \&\s-1VERBATIM COPYING\s0
- .Sp
- You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
- commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
- copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
- to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
- conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
- technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
- copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
- compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
- number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
- .Sp
- You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
- you may publicly display copies.
- .IP "3." 4
- .IX Item "3."
- \&\s-1COPYING IN QUANTITY\s0
- .Sp
- If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
- printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
- Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
- copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
- Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
- the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
- you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
- the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
- visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
- Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
- the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
- as verbatim copying in other respects.
- .Sp
- If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
- legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
- reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
- pages.
- .Sp
- If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
- more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
- copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
- a computer-network location from which the general network-using
- public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
- a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
- If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
- when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
- that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
- location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
- Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
- edition to the public.
- .Sp
- It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
- Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
- them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
- .IP "4." 4
- .IX Item "4."
- \&\s-1MODIFICATIONS\s0
- .Sp
- You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
- the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
- the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
- Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
- and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
- of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
- .RS 4
- .IP "A." 4
- .IX Item "A."
- Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
- from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
- (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
- of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
- if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
- .IP "B." 4
- .IX Item "B."
- List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
- responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
- Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
- Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
- unless they release you from this requirement.
- .IP "C." 4
- .IX Item "C."
- State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
- Modified Version, as the publisher.
- .IP "D." 4
- .IX Item "D."
- Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
- .IP "E." 4
- .IX Item "E."
- Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
- adjacent to the other copyright notices.
- .IP "F." 4
- .IX Item "F."
- Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
- giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
- terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
- .IP "G." 4
- .IX Item "G."
- Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
- and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
- .IP "H." 4
- .IX Item "H."
- Include an unaltered copy of this License.
- .IP "I." 4
- .IX Item "I."
- Preserve the section Entitled \*(L"History\*(R", Preserve its Title, and add
- to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
- publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
- there is no section Entitled \*(L"History\*(R" in the Document, create one
- stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
- given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
- Version as stated in the previous sentence.
- .IP "J." 4
- .IX Item "J."
- Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
- public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
- the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
- it was based on. These may be placed in the \*(L"History\*(R" section.
- You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
- least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
- publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
- .IP "K." 4
- .IX Item "K."
- For any section Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R" or \*(L"Dedications\*(R", Preserve
- the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
- substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
- dedications given therein.
- .IP "L." 4
- .IX Item "L."
- Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
- unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
- or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
- .IP "M." 4
- .IX Item "M."
- Delete any section Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R". Such a section
- may not be included in the Modified Version.
- .IP "N." 4
- .IX Item "N."
- Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R" or
- to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
- .IP "O." 4
- .IX Item "O."
- Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
- .RE
- .RS 4
- .Sp
- If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
- appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
- copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
- of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
- list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
- These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
- .Sp
- You may add a section Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R", provided it contains
- nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
- parties\-\-\-for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
- been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
- standard.
- .Sp
- You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
- passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
- of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
- Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
- through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
- includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
- by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
- you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
- permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
- .Sp
- The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
- give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
- imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
- .RE
- .IP "5." 4
- .IX Item "5."
- \&\s-1COMBINING DOCUMENTS\s0
- .Sp
- You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
- License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
- versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
- Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
- list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
- license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
- .Sp
- The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
- multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
- copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
- different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
- adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
- author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
- Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
- Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
- .Sp
- In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled \*(L"History\*(R"
- in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
- \&\*(L"History\*(R"; likewise combine any sections Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
- and any sections Entitled \*(L"Dedications\*(R". You must delete all
- sections Entitled \*(L"Endorsements.\*(R"
- .IP "6." 4
- .IX Item "6."
- \&\s-1COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS\s0
- .Sp
- You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
- released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
- License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
- the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
- verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
- .Sp
- You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
- it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
- License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
- other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
- .IP "7." 4
- .IX Item "7."
- \&\s-1AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS\s0
- .Sp
- A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
- and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
- distribution medium, is called an \*(L"aggregate\*(R" if the copyright
- resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
- of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
- When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
- apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
- derivative works of the Document.
- .Sp
- If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
- copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
- the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
- covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
- electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
- Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
- aggregate.
- .IP "8." 4
- .IX Item "8."
- \&\s-1TRANSLATION\s0
- .Sp
- Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
- distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
- Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
- permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
- translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
- original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
- translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
- Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
- the original English version of this License and the original versions
- of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
- the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
- or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
- .Sp
- If a section in the Document is Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
- \&\*(L"Dedications\*(R", or \*(L"History\*(R", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
- its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
- title.
- .IP "9." 4
- .IX Item "9."
- \&\s-1TERMINATION\s0
- .Sp
- You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
- except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
- otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
- will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
- .Sp
- However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
- from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
- unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
- terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
- fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
- 60 days after the cessation.
- .Sp
- Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
- reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
- violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
- received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
- copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
- your receipt of the notice.
- .Sp
- Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
- licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
- this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
- reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
- not give you any rights to use it.
- .IP "10." 4
- .IX Item "10."
- \&\s-1FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE\s0
- .Sp
- The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
- of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
- versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
- differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
- <\fBhttp://www.gnu.org/copyleft/\fR>.
- .Sp
- Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
- If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
- License \*(L"or any later version\*(R" applies to it, you have the option of
- following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
- of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
- Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
- number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
- as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
- specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
- License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
- version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
- Document.
- .IP "11." 4
- .IX Item "11."
- \&\s-1RELICENSING\s0
- .Sp
- \&\*(L"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site\*(R" (or \*(L"\s-1MMC\s0 Site\*(R") means any
- World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
- provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
- public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
- \&\*(L"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration\*(R" (or \*(L"\s-1MMC\*(R"\s0) contained in the
- site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the \s-1MMC\s0
- site.
- .Sp
- \&\*(L"CC-BY-SA\*(R" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
- license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
- corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
- California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
- published by that same organization.
- .Sp
- \&\*(L"Incorporate\*(R" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
- in part, as part of another Document.
- .Sp
- An \s-1MMC\s0 is \*(L"eligible for relicensing\*(R" if it is licensed under this
- License, and if all works that were first published under this License
- somewhere other than this \s-1MMC,\s0 and subsequently incorporated in whole
- or in part into the \s-1MMC,\s0 (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
- and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
- .Sp
- The operator of an \s-1MMC\s0 Site may republish an \s-1MMC\s0 contained in the site
- under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
- provided the \s-1MMC\s0 is eligible for relicensing.
- .SS "\s-1ADDENDUM:\s0 How to use this License for your documents"
- .IX Subsection "ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents"
- To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
- the License in the document and put the following copyright and
- license notices just after the title page:
- .PP
- .Vb 7
- \& Copyright (C) <year> <your name>.
- \& Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
- \& under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
- \& or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
- \& with no Invariant Sections, no Front\-Cover Texts, and no Back\-Cover
- \& Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
- \& Free Documentation License".
- .Ve
- .PP
- If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
- replace the \*(L"with...Texts.\*(R" line with this:
- .PP
- .Vb 3
- \& with the Invariant Sections being <list their titles>, with
- \& the Front\-Cover Texts being <list>, and with the Back\-Cover Texts
- \& being <list>.
- .Ve
- .PP
- If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
- combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
- situation.
- .PP
- If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
- recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
- free software license, such as the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License,
- to permit their use in free software.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
- \&\fBgpl\fR\|(7), \fBfsf\-funding\fR\|(7).
- .SH "COPYRIGHT"
- .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- <\fBhttp://fsf.org/\fR>
- .PP
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|